Exploration of Icy Ocean Worlds Using Geophysical Approaches

Abstract Geophysics-focused missions and improved geophysical data sets are critical for the future exploration of icy ocean worlds. Of particular interest is Galilean moon, Europa, Saturnian moons, Titan Enceladus. These bodies likely have geologically active surfaces may harbor habitable subsurface environments. Placing any candidate signatures life in context requires further knowledge interior these While been mapped, their interiors remain poorly understood. Geophysical approaches such as geodesy, seismology, ice-penetrating radar altimetry measurements, electromagnetometry would provide information regarding The described below answer key science questions ice shell dynamics, internal structure layer thicknesses, near-surface structure, how material from deep might be exchanged with surface. Here we outline environments Enceladus, Titan; some outstanding that to addressed; examples can better understand